A Pilgrim’s Notes:  BIOETHICS FOR EVERYONE

A Pilgrim’s Notes: BIOETHICS FOR EVERYONE

FAUSTO GOMEZ OP

faustogomezb@yahoo.com

       We read the newspapers and journals of public interest; we watch the news on television or movies; we navigate on the web…, what do we read and see very often? Issues directly connected with biotechnology and biomedicine, and with bioethics and human life. Some current bioethical concerns are in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, organ transplant and donation, surrogate motherhood, experimentation with embryonic stem cells, abortion, euthanasia and physician assisted suicide, gene therapy, drug testing, regenerative medicine, etc.

       Facing these issues, the scientific question is, can it be done? The ethical question is, what can be done, should it be done? Is it right?  In our world dominated by science and technology, is not bioethics truly important and relevant for all human beings today?

       MEANING OF BIOETHICS

       The word bioethics was coined in 1970 by oncologist Van R. Potter in his trail blazing article The Science of Survival. Potter wanted this new science of bioethics to be a bridge to the growing separation between the scientific culture and the humanist culture. Since then the meaning of bioethics has been enriched by positive contributions from other sciences, in particular the social sciences, ecology philosophy, and theology.

       Etymologically, bioethics (bios: life; ethics: ethics) means life-ethics, or ethics of the life sciences. It refers mainly not to a technical science (biology), but to a normative science (ethics) that studies moral principles, values, norms and practices concerning biomedical interventions on human life. Because bioethics is the ethics of human life from the moment of conception to natural death, and in-between life and death, bioethics is an important normative life science for all persons.

       Substantially, bioethics is not “a fundamentally new ethics, but the application of ethics and its basic principles to the new possibilities open up to us by modern biology and biotechnology with regard to human life” (Josef Fuchs). And yet, bioethics, while focusing on healthcare ethics, goes beyond it to encompass social, business, and ecological ethics.

       Bioethics may be divided into micro-ethics and macro-ethics. Micro-ethics refers to the analysis and care of personal cases (of illnesses of individual persons). Macro-ethics studies the impact of biomedical decisions on society, public policy on health for all, and on justice and solidarity in healthcare.

       CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE

       Bioethics today is usually presented as secular ethics or ethics from the perspective of reason. Humans ground moral decision-making on human dignity and rights, which are equal in all human persons, beginning with the fundamental right to life.

       There is, moreover, religious ethics, which speak of the value of life not only from the perspective of reason – radically of natural law, or the law of being human -,  but mainly from the vision of faith in God, and, in the case of Christians, in the Son of God Jesus Christ. Theological bioethics confirms the fundamental ethical principles and values developed by reason, and provides a deep meaning to life, suffering and death. Christians and many men and women of good will defend and promote a consistent-life-ethic and a dignified life for all.

       For Christians, the radical sources of their faith-vision are the Sacred Scriptures and Tradition, which are explained by the magisterium or official teaching of the Church. An easily available written summary of the Church’s doctrine is found in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992, 1997), more concretely in its third part on general Christian ethics and the commandments. There is a pace-setting encyclical on bioethical problems and concerns: Evangelium Vitae, EV, or The Gospel of Life (1995) of St. John Paul II. There are other significant and more in-depth documents on bioethics and life from the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith.

       IMPORTANCE OF BIOETHICS FOR ALL

       Bioethics is important for everyone. We are all potential patients in need of a doctor. Bioethics helps us know better our human dignity, which ought to be respected by all, and our human rights, including the right to health care, to proper healthcare information, the right to refuse useless treatment, and the right to privacy and confidentiality.

       Bioethics is important, in particular, for the family. The central concern of bioethics is human life, a great value for all human beings, in particular the family, which is the community of life and love. For believers in Jesus and for many other peoples, the family is founded on marriage and is the basic cell and foundation of society. The Christian family is the sanctuary of life, and is asked to proclaim, celebrate, and serve life (EV 92). The family values life and contributes immensely to the promotion of a culture of life. The members of the family are tasked to be “people of life and people for life” (St. John Paul II).

       The continually growing relevance of bioethics in our time is attested by the fact that bioethics education is today an important part of integral education. It is a subject in the health sciences, in the humanities, in philosophy, and in theology. Certainly, “bioethics interests everyone concerned with the interface of technology, nature, and human nature; as a result, it has been a highly successful addition to educational curricula” (William Callahan).

       Bioethics is necessary for physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals, who have to know and practice the bioethical dimension of a scientific and humane medicine. “Clinical analysis and ethical analysis in health work are inextricably linked… No doctor can escape the influence of ethical theory and practice” (Charles M. Culver). Bioethics in human and Christian perspective is also necessary for Christian healthcare workers. Their vocation is a ministry in the Church’s healing mission (cf. New Charter of Healthcare Workers, 2017, by Vatican Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development).

       Bioethics is also necessary for scientists, researchers and legislators. Science is not ethically neutral, neither laws. Like any human activity, scientific research and human laws have a moral dimension. The scientist, the lawmaker are ethical persons, professionals guided by an ethical code that respects every human person and his/her dignity as expressed in human rights and basic laws. The human person is the central criterion of any ethics and of the ethical dimension of science, biology, biomedicine, and laws. Kant wrote: “Act in such a way that you always take humanity in yourself as well as in every person as end and never as means.”  A radical principle of ethics – and bioethics is this: The human person ought to be respected always, and never used as means. For the Christian, every human being is a creature and a child of God and therefore his/her life is sacred.

       Bioethics is also important for teachers. “All teachers are to be inspired by academic ideals and by the principles of an authentic human life” (Ex Corde Ecclesiae). Teachers are to be competent not only in their own subject matter, but also knowledgeable concerning the basic questions of life and its meaning which are part of the extracurricular questions of our students. I remember these words of Saint Augustine:  “I learned not from those who taught me, but from those who talked with me, as I try to pour into their ears the way I felt about things.”

       BIOETHICS: INVITATION TO LOVE

       Bioethics is important for everyone in another sense. As custodians of our health, bioethics may help us be healthy – and ethical. Mens sana in corpore sano – a sound mind in a sound body: a temperate life style, a hopeful and joyful attitude, a virtuous living. In Christian perspective, the following of Christ is the healthiest way of living!

       The goal of bioethics – of any ethics – is not merely to know but mainly to do:  “To know and not to do is not yet to know” (Buddhist Proverb).  To do what?  To do good; radically, to be good. Theologian Peter Kreeft asks himself:  What is the purpose of ethics? To answer:  “To be good, that is, virtuous,”to love! When all is said and done, what really matters in ethics, bioethics, theological ethics – in life, really – is love: love is the value and the virtue of life! Authentic love respects truth. God is Love and Truth. True love is the best defense and promotion of human life consistently. Indeed, “to be is to love” (E. Mounier).

(Published in O Clarim: May 19, 2017)

 

A Pilgrim’s Notes: OTHERS FRIENDLY

A Pilgrim’s Notes: OTHERS FRIENDLY

FAUSTO GOMEZ OP

faustogomezb@yahoo.com

     Someone said that “people are not bad; they just suffer.” People – most people – are good, and treat others with kindness and gentleness. Being “others friendly” in our daily life does not make it to the front pages of newspapers or TV news casts, but it is worthwhile to practice: events, experiences, encounters that contribute to make our life meaningful and joyful. Let me share with you a few little stories which happened to me.

     In Macau I take the bus almost daily. I would say that ninety eight per cent of the time someone offers me his or her seat (I am young at heart!). Sometimes, particularly after five in the afternoon I resist, because I see people are tired and my distance home is a few stops only. No way. I remember one time a middle-aged lady offered me her seat. I tell her that I am getting off the next stop. No way: “Please, sit.” Amen – and thanks!

     The following story happened last summer. A young lady offered her seat to me in the Metro or subway of Madrid. As I was sitting, I stepped on the left foot of another young lady. I said thank you to the first and sorry to the second, who did not say a word, but gave me a truly sincere smile. She made my day!

     Another little happening. Some weeks ago, I was waiting for a taxi in Jardim de Flora, Macau. A young man was ahead of me, so he stopped the first taxi that passed by, opened the door and … called me – I was about three meters away from him. He asked me to please get on the taxi. I told him: “Please, you take it. I am in no hurry. I wait for another.” He just smiled at me and showed me the open door with an inviting gesture of his right hand. People are good!

     Once I bought a daily newspaper in a street stand. This time in Madrid. After paying, I said to the man who handed me a copy of the newspaper: “Thank you,” and added: “May you have a good day.” I think he was surprised and reacted late. I was already meters away from him, when he shouted: “Señor, sir, “and you too; may you have a good day.” I still smile when I remember him.

     Three years ago I had a student in Moral and Spiritual Theology. He was an atheist. He came to love the class and the exchanges among the eight students of the class. One of the questions of the final exam was on how they found the class – positive and negative points. This student was happy he enrolled: he learned to read books and present them in class, and, above all, he said he learned something essential for his life: “Though this class is about religions and I do not have beliefs in religions, I believe the essence of all religions is love; therefore this class is also teaching me how to love. Thank you very much.” He opened his answers to the questions of the final exam thus: “Dear professor. Here are my answers. God bless you.” I remember with joy and gratitude my atheist (?) student who asked God to bless me!  And I know he meant it.

     I have a friend who is a doctor of medicine and very kind. She answers emails right away. I think she believes that gratitude should not just walk but run – like the Father of the Prodigal Son! The majority of people answer emails or WhatsApp after some minutes or hours or days; some, much later, and a few, almost never, or until one asks them: “Did you receive my email?” I remember Charlie Brown the kind master of Snoopy and friend of Linus and the rest of the Peanuts Family. Before Christmas Charlie sent a Christmas card to all his friends. Some did not answer so he called them up and asked them: “Did you receive my Christmas card?” They answered him: “Yes, thank you very much.” Charlie Brown: “It is good to help people say the right thing.” Did you receive my email?

     A religious sister told me this story. She was given a free trip to Lourdes, France. She was happy. She wanted to ask Our Lady of Lourdes to heal her from her constant pains and aches, especially her crippling arthritis. When she arrived at the Shrine she forgot her petition: “Seeing so many people ill – some very disable, others in wheel chair, others limping, still others crying… -, I did not mind my request.” Instead of praying for herself, she prayed for all those brothers and sisters who went to visit Our Lady in search of a miracle, or just peace of soul. How beautiful! To forget ourselves to connect with others and try to help them. For believers, every person is a brother or a sister in Christ – the Crucified and Risen Christ: God is the Father of all.

     A few years ago I traveled to Matsuyama with another brother Dominican. We had to stop at Osaka Airport. We had time for lunch so, not knowing much of the rich Japanese cuisine, we opted for MacDonald. We checked the different kinds of sandwiches and their corresponding amount in yens. I was greatly surprised by the price of the last item in the list: zero (0). I checked what it was: Smile! I was indeed joyfully surprised – Smile: 0! St. Mother Teresa of Kolkata, who practiced the apostolate of the smile, said: “Perhaps I do not speak your language, but I can smile.”

     In December of last year (2016), walking on my way to the house of the Missionaries of Charity in Macau, a woman was shouting at my back. I turned around and saw her:  she was young, a teen-ager. She kept talking in Chinese and pointing to my cap. I realized she was a bit mentally disable. I made signs trying to tell her if she wanted my cap. She answered moving her head up and down. So I gave it to her. She was so happy. And I was very happy. She made my day – and some more.

     Walking one day with a friend, under the Aqueduct of Segovia, Spain, a middle-aged woman approached us and asked for some money to feed her children. We gave her some amount. Her answer: “Many thanks, and may God give it to you in another way.” That was wonderful and true: Jesus pays well, St. Teresa of Avila says. I remember the words of St. Peter Chrysologus: “Give to the poor and you give to yourself.”

     The icon of kindness, compassion and tenderness is the mother, our mother. Best images are mother and child, or mother (grandmother) and father (grandfather). I remember the words of St. John of Avila: “The most beautiful thing in the world is to see in Bethlehem a young woman with her child in her arms.” What a joy for me to watch the little children going to school with their parents and or grandparents: some parents talk with their children, others listen to them, and still others just smile to each other. So much love and tenderness and joy! I thought: the future in in good hands. With these uplifting images, one understand better what Jesus says:  “Let the children come to me… If you do not become like children you will not enter the Kingdom of heaven.”

     When I see a needy person, the following well-known story comes to my mind. There was a little girl – hungry, dirty, fragile, poor – shivering in a cold winter morning. A priest passed by and felt some kind of pity for her. So at night before going to bed, the priest asked God: “Why don’t you do something about the little girl, your child?” He asked the same question for a few nights in a row. God kept silent. Finally, one night God answered him: “I did something. I created you.” There are many in our world like the little girl, perhaps not far from us, who need an act of kindness, a piece of bread, a smile.  I am sure of this: we will never regret helping some needy children, women, and men.

     Little acts of kindness, or courtesy to others enrich us all. Courtesy, St. Francis of Assisi tells us, is the little sister of charity or love. St. Therese of the Child Jesus invites us to practice her “little way of love, not to miss out on a kind word, a smile, or any small gesture which sows peace and friendship” (Pope Francis). These little acts of love, of courtesy, of kindness and gentleness are truly refreshing for the giver and the receiver.

(Published by O Clarim, The Macau Catholic Weekly: May 12, 2017)

Saint Catherine of Siena, A Patron of Macau

Saint Catherine of Siena, A Patron of Macau

FAUSTO GOMEZ OP

faustogomezb@yahoo.com

     San Domingos Church in Macau is one of the favorite places for tourists and in particular for Christians and believers. The original structure of the Church was built upon orders of the first three Spanish Dominican missionaries, who had arrived here about September 1, 1587. The main altar of the baroque Church is presided by a royal statue of Our Lady of the Rosary accompanied on her right side by a statue of St. Dominic de Guzman (San Domingos), the founder of the Order of Preachers or Dominicans, and on her left side by a statue of St. Catherine of Siena. The great Italian mystic and Dominican saint is one of the patrons of the Diocese of Macau, and her feast is celebrated on April 29 of every year.

     Catherine Benincasa was born on March 25, 1347 in Siena, Italy. Jacobo and Lapa, her parents, had twenty five children. Catherine was their twenty third child.  She was a deeply pious girl. When she was about seventeen years old, Catherine joined the “Mantellata” of Siena – a group of lay women of the Third Order of Penance of Saint Dominic. She died on April 29, 1380 – after much suffering. She was canonized by Pius II in 1461, proclaimed a co-patron of Europe by Pope Pius XII in 1939, and declared Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI in 1970.

     Catherine wrote a major work of spiritual and mystical life: the Dialogue, or the Book of Divine Providence, which is a conversation between God and Catherine. As it has been said, more than a book it is Catherine’s life. She also wrote hundreds of wonderful moving letters and about twenty six prayers uttered by her during periods of ecstasies or while praying aloud; the prayers were taken down by her followers.

     The point of departure of St. Catherine’ spiritual life is knowledge of God and self-knowledge. God tells her: “From knowledge of me to knowledge of self, and from love of me to love of others.” For Catherine, God is the Supreme Truth, “gentle first Truth,” and the Supreme Love, “Love itself.” God asks her: “Do you know, my daughter, who you are and who I am? If you know these two things you will have beatitude within your grasp. You are she who is not, and I AM HE WHO IS.” Self-knowledge eradicates self-love, which is the source of all evils. The virtue of discretion attains for us knowledge of God and of self, which leads to humility that takes us to gratitude and love.

     Catherine had three special loves: God, neighbor, and the Church. Jesus tells her: Love of God and love of neighbor are “the two feet” on which she must walk, or “the two wings” on which she must fly.

    God fell in love with his creature’s beauty and created him: “We have been created in such dignity that no tongue can relate, nor eye see, nor heart think what the dignity of man is” (Letter). After man’s falling into sin, God sent his only Son Jesus to redeem him and thus increase his dignity. For Catherine, the death of Christ is the supreme expression of God’s ‘mad’ love for man: “O loving madman, was it nor enough for you to become incarnate, without also wishing to die.”

     Jesus is the Bridge to reach God. God tells St. Catherine: “So I gave you a Bridge, my Son, so that you could cross over the river, the stormy sea of the darksome life, without being drowned.” One crosses the Bridge through three steps. The first step is the step of servile fear – the fear of hell. The second step is the step of holy fear – the fear of offending God. The third step is the step of love of God – loving God as a son or daughter and as our friend.

     How may one cross the Bridge from one step to the next? We may cross the Bridge through prayer and the practice of virtues. St. Catherine’s advice to us: Never abandon prayer; this is the weapon of the soul against every adversary. She affirms: “Prayer is the mother of all virtues”; “It is prayer who conceives virtues as her children in love for God, and gives them birth in love of neighbor.” The virtue of love is above all the virtues, and perfects them all.

     Catherine loves the liturgy, in particular the Holy Eucharist. She attends Mass every day. In the Mass, she says, “the Lord awaits us with open arms.” She approached often the Sacrament of Penance. She loved to read good books. The Breviary is her “first book after the stars and the flowers” (Perez de Urbel).

     Catherine was happy with her interior cell and the intimate company of Jesus. One day Jesus tells Catherine who continues her life of solitude: “Open the door of your cell; but not that I can enter, but that you can come out. You cannot serve me inside; you must go out to serve the neighbor. The soul that truly loves never gets tired of serving the others.” She had a tender love for the poor, the sick, sinners and prisoners. One morning, on her way to St. Peter’s to attend Mass a beggar approaches Catherine. That day she had nothing to give so she gave him her medal.  When the poor man put it on, Catherine saw in him, the face of Christ. Indeed, “I was hungry and you gave me food.”

     Another striking note in Catherine’s life is her constant work for peace. Catherine was a tireless promoter of peace. With Raymond of Capua, her confessor, and her many followers, Catherine walked through the roads of many Italian towns and cities working for and achieving peace among quarreling factions and groups.  She talked to kings, princes, the Pope and cardinals and priests against corruption and on behalf of the needy, and promoted justice with compassion and forgiveness.

     In the last eight years of her life, Catherine focused more on her third love: love of the Church, the Mystical Body of Christ. In the Church, we all receive the good of salvation through the proclamation of the Word and the Sacraments. To be redeemed and saved, she says, we all “have to pass by the door of Jesus Crucified; this door is found only in the Church.”

     St. Catherine of Siena repeats that “the reform of the Church must be done by holy and good shepherds in deed and in truth, not only with the sound of the word, because if it is said and not done, this would amount to nothing” (Letter, 291).

     Loving the Church implies obedience to the Church, in particular to the Holy Father whom she calls “the sweet Christ on earth.” She says: “He who does not obey the Christ of the earth, who represents the Christ of heaven,  will not have part in the fruit of the blood of the Son of God, because God wants that we receive from her hands that divine blood and all the sacraments that give us life by the same blood.” I remember the words of Saint Cyprian: “One cannot have God as Father if he does not have the Church as mother.”

      When she lived in Rome, Catherine walked every day to the tomb of St. Peter to pray for the Church. Being faithful to the Church requires from all the members to pray for the Church and to work towards her purification. Her greatest visible achievement: the return of Pope Gregory XI to Rome from Avignon, where the popes resided for over fifty years. Catherine always fought for the unity of the Church, particularly after the death of Pope Gregory XI in 1376 and the schism of the west that followed.

     Catherine offered her life as sacrifice for the Church: “My great desire is to shed my blood, drop by drop, in the garden of the Church.”  A few days before her death at thirty three Catherine says: “If I die, know that I die of passionate love for the Church.” Her last words: “Into your hands, Father, I commend my spirit.”

     St. Catherine of Siena is, together with the Immaculate Conception, St. Francis Xavier and St. John the Baptist, patron of Macau. On May 2, 1646 the Macau Senate declared “S. Catarina Padroeira desta terra, que entao se achava na miseria e o seu povo dividido e desunido pela discordia”: The Macau Senate declared St. Catherine Patron of this land, which was then in a state of misery, and its people divided, and not united due to discord (From Manuel Teixeira).

St. Catherine of Siena, Patron of Macau, pray for us – for the people of Macau.

(Published by O Clarim, The Macau Catholic Weekly: April 28, 2017)

 

 

 

 

 

THE PREACHER AND THE GRACE OF PREACHING

THE PREACHER AND THE GRACE OF PREACHING

The Dominican brothers of St. Dominic’s Priory in Macau organized an academic lecture on preaching and invited the Missionary Dominican Sisters of the Rosary, and the members of the Dominican Lay Fraternity. The speaker was Brother Felicísimo Martínez, OP, an outstanding Spanish theologian from the Dominican Province of our Lady of the Rosary, the Province of St. Dominic’s Priory in Macau. Bro. Felicísimo is currently a visiting professor at the Faculty of Religious Studies of the Catholic University of Saint Joseph, Macau. The session on preaching was held at the Priory’s Hall on April 1, 2017. Hereafter, we have the great pleasure of publishing the text of the lecture.


The preacher and the charismatic authority to preach:

There are many manuals on sacred oratory; little has been said about the interior of the preacher, about the spirituality and the life of the preacher. The Master of preaching is the Holy Spirit; but the formation of the preacher is necessary.

Some conditions to become a good preacher:

  1. The implication of the preacher in preaching
    • It does not mean to preach oneself, to tell about your travelling around the world, but to pass the message through personal experience. That requires much contemplation.
      The preacher is a witness involved not a mere spectator. That happens with the Cyrenean in the movie The Passion. At the beginning he is a mere spectator. Then he looks at Jesus and Jesus looks at him and he becomes a committed witness.
    • Albert Magnus wrote: Teaching should not be passing ideas “ex libris in libros” (from one book to another book). Neither Preaching must be that kind or work. In that case, preaching would become mere speech and rhetoric.
    • Humbert of Romans wrote: Preaching is not the same as giving sermons. Only a believer can preach. Even a non-Christian can give a sermon. A witness is not a model; he is somebody with strong conviction and strong faith.
    • Preaching then implies a lot of prayer and contemplation, but also the grace of preaching, the charism, the supernatural vocation given by the Spirit.
    • St. Thomas wrote: charisms are not habits, but transient passions. The preacher must be very attentive to know when to preach and when to keep silence.
    • In the origins of the Order the problem was not so much to define the grace of preaching as to discern it. Some brothers like Juan de Vicenza attributed this grace to them too easily. In 1249 the expression “gratia praedicationis” was removed of the Constitutions, which did not mean that the grace of preaching was dispensed with.
    • Several criteria for the discernment of the grace of preaching: the grace of preaching is not the same as being funny o amusing the audience; grace of preaching makes the preacher more humble; the grace of preaching should be discerned by the community. The preacher is not a medium and the Spirit acts respecting his character, his reason and freedom; the true grace of preaching is a source of spirituality for the preacher; one special criterion: the fruits of preaching; Grace does not act on the surface of people, but in their interiority; a good criterion: motivations and progress in humanization in the preacher.
  2. The experience of faith and listening to God
    • The power of preaching depends on the strength of faith. Faith today is not to be taken for granted even in religious life. We are not atheistic or agnostic, but we can be short of confidence in God.
      We should not confuse the experience of faith with piety, with emotion and religious emotions. In most of the conversions, illumination is more relevant than changing in morals.
    • We should not confuse faith with moral stature. Not a faultless moral, but a strong faith is what really supports preaching. The preacher bears witness of what he has seen and heard.
    • The experience of faith is not strange to worldly experience, to everyday life. Christian experiences should be an incarnate experience. Preaching is not only to illustrate the mystery of God, but to understand it from the human experience itself and to interpret this human experience from the mystery of God.
  3. Compassion and listening to humanity
    • It is necessary to listen to God and to listen to humanity before preaching.
    • The zeal for the salvation of souls was a special trait of Saint Dominic. He meant the salvation of the whole person and of the people already in present life. A good preacher must have passion and compassion for the world.
    • Compassion obliges to hear attentively and cordially the suffering, to relate compassionately to the world. Especially in two areas: listening to the disputed issues of the present time in which the world of meaning is played; and listening to the cries of the victims.
  4. The study and the passion for truth
    • The Master of the preacher is the Spirit. But the preacher should be prepared remotely with the study and immediately with the prayer and contemplation. Preaching is not efficient “ex opere operato”.
    • The motto of the Order is VERITAS. We are not owners of the Truth but we are bound to keep always searching for the truth, to feel passion for the truth. We should ask God that he might give us the instinct of truth.
    • Truth is a great service to justice. As Saint Paul says in the letter to the Romans injustice itself needs to kidnap the truth in order to be justified.
    • When preaching has been alive in the Dominica Family, the study has flourished and vice versa. Cardinal Cajetan, O.P. insisted on this in his intent to reform the Order.
    • Today we cannot master all the sciences, but we can be attentive to the disputed issues.
    • It is necessary to give priority to the study of theology, of the Bible. There are things that should not be repeated in our catechesis, in our preaching. The cancer in a person is not punishment for any sin at all.
    • Study allows the preacher to place the message in the gaps of the existence of persons. Preaching means to help the people to look at the world and at life as God looks at them. Preaching is to announce God who looks at us lovingly.
  5. Evangelical life and humility in the preacher and in the community of preachers
    • Preaching is a charism. Its effectiveness depends on the action of the Holy Spirit and on the power of the Word of God.
    • The authority of the preacher is his evangelical life (not his holiness). That allows the Spirit to act through the preacher.
    • Many Fathers of the Church and our Brother Luis de Granada, O.P. insisted that the Preacher should not destroy with his life what he announces with his or her words. Saint Paul repeats many times in his letters: I behave like this “So as not to discredit the ministry of the Gospel I preach” (2 Cor. 6, 3…)
    • Counting on our frailty the preacher should not preach with cynicism, but with humility. It is very important for him or her to recognize his or her human and Christian limitations. Humbert of Romans, O.P. wrote: it is better to go outside to preach and with the risk of becoming stained than to be cloistered and remain pure. In the origin of the Order, we receive a Bula in which it is said: “That your preaching could be a remedy for sins”. For old monks the remedy for their sin were the ascetical exercises; for the preachers the remedy is the ministry of preaching with all its inconveniences.
    • The preacher must be very humble to manage the failure (sermon of the chairs). But above all he or she must be very humble to manage the success. The applause of the public is not the true measure of the effective preaching of the Gospel. Kierkegaard used to say: “I won’t evaluate the success of my preaching taking into account the applause of the audience”.
  6. Toward the explicit announcement of the Gospel
    • All is preaching. I have heard many brothers and sisters saying that. I agree. But the priority in Dominican preaching is the explicit announcement of the Gospel in the most different ways: catechesis, teaching, homily, informal conversation…
    • From the Vatican II the Church has underlined the priority of evangelization: Evangelii Nuntiandi, New evangelization…
    • There are two main reasons for the explicit announcement of the Gospel in today’s world: First, because it is impossible for a person to come to the Christian faith unless he or she hears the announcement of Jesus Christ. “Fides ex auditu” (Faith comes from hearing). Second, many people today are short of meaning or sense for their lives. And the Gospel is a rich source of meaning for human life.
    • Certainly, we should announce the Gospel in proper time and in adequate circumstances, without proselytism. Neither we should invade the privacy and freedom of any person nor should we be inhibited preachers.
    • To preach the Gospel it is very relevant to fit the most adequate tone or tune.
  7. To nail the message to human experience
    • The purpose of preaching is not mere illustration, academic illustration. The last goal of preaching is conversion, global conversion of life. Saint Thomas wrote: The purpose of preaching is: instruction in Christian doctrine, moving interior affections, coming to love God, people and things.
    • Preachers should descend from the scaffolding of reason to the stratum of the heart. They have to bring the evangelical message to the center of the person. And, according to the Bible, the center of a person is the heart with all our affections.
    • In order to achieve this goal it is very important to use examples, metaphors, parables (B. Bro). All these resources were called in the Middle Ages “Exempla”. There is a beautiful example in the French Dominican Fr. Bro, famous preacher in Notre Dame. His grandfather was handicapped and could not attend mass in the church. He used to tell the small boy Bernard: “You have to report to me the homily of the priest”. By doing that the little boy received a tip. And Bernard realizes this: If the preacher put an example or told a funny story, he could recall it and report to the grandfather and he received the tip. If the preacher spoke only about ideas, he could not remember a simple word, and could not report to the grandfather. Consequently, no tip. And so, Bernard became a very famous preacher because of his using of examples, stories….
    • Conversion is a question of light, vision, illumination. This is the name for baptism in the ancient Church (Hebrews, Nicodemus, Bartimaeus… and afterwards Paul, Augustin, the great converts…). I have a good collection of stories of conversion. In all of them, the main point is illumination, new light, new vision of live. Read the story of conversion of Saint Paul (Acts 9, 1-19).
    • Enlightenment must overcome the world of ideas and become wisdom. It is the work of the Spirit in the preacher and the listener.
    • The main purpose of preaching is to nail the message into the gaps of human existence. Finding the connection between the Gospel and the human experience. Here is to be found the real key for success in preaching.
    • It requires to be empathetic o sympathetic with the assembly, to pay empathic attention to the situations of the people, to listen carefully to their problems, real problems.
    • To nail the message in human experience does not mean to confirm the expectations of listeners. Many times the Gospel questions our views, our expectations, the behavior we like most.
  8. Specific traits of Dominican preaching
    • Preaching must be charismatic
      • That means that we should reinforce our preaching, not with our hierarchy as priest or religious, or bishop, but with the strength of the Word of God, of the Spirit, or our evangelical life.
      • On what authority are you preaching to us? That is the big question. It is not a matter of legal authority, but of evangelical authority.
      • Dominic´s resignations to the episcopate had this purpose. It was not a mere question of personal humility. He wanted to preach the Gospel in a charismatic manner.
      • Spiritual truth is to be preached by a spiritual person and by spiritual means. Humbert of Romans.
      • To preach like that we need the grace of preaching. In the old times, when a brother was sent to preach, the community prayed the prayer revealed to the Cistercian of Tuscany: “Might God give to the preacher the grace of preaching and the gracious word”.
    • Preaching must be doctrinal
      • It does not mean academic, theoretic, abstract preaching. In the Middle Ages the Dominican preaching was called doctrinal to distinguish it from moral and penitential exhortations. (You have to behave, you have to be good…)
      • Doctrine here means the core of the Christian creed, rule of faith, central mysteries of Christian faith…
      • Doctrinal does not mean tying orthodoxy; it is not theoretical and abstract. It refers to the central mysteries of faith (kerygmatic). It is a preaching able to break the hearts of the people, as many times happens in the Acts of the Apostles.
      • This doctrinal preaching requires much prayer, much contemplation, much study…
      • The Dominican Preacher must overcome moralizing preaching and reach the roots of Christian faith so that the Holy Spirit opens the doors of faith.
    • Preaching must be positive and hopeful
      • That means to proclaim salvation more than condemn.
      • Our preaching is in the service of hope. It must help the people to look at the world with the eyes of God. And God knows the salvific potential of human history.
    • Preaching must be prophetic
      • Being positive and hopeful does not mean being naive and ignoring the evil in the world.
      • Preaching must discern the signs of the times, distinguishing what is of grace and of sin in our world.
    •  And you know very well: the Dominican Preaching must be multiform, itinerant, preaching on the frontiers…. All that is easy to say and difficult to practice.
    •  An finally our Dominican Preaching should be Preaching in Family
      • This is not the Order of the friars preachers; we are the friars of the Order of Preachers.
      • We have assimilated more or less the effective and emotional membership in Dominican Family. We have to assimilate the challenge of being together in mission. We need to preach together. This is the way to build up the Dominican Family.
      • We need to retrieve the communitarian character of our Preaching. We need to reaffirm the common vocation of all of us in the Dominican Family, to develop common projects, to enrich our experience of the gospel.
      • Preaching in Family has some advantages: to enrich our Dominican Life, to expand the ministry of Preaching, to testify practically that all of us are equal in dignity, to reinforce the democracy in the Dominican Life.

 

Felicísimo Martínez, O.P.

St. Dominic’s Priory

Macau April 1, 2017

POPE FRANCIS ON ABORTION

POPE FRANCIS ON ABORTION

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       FAUSTO GOMEZ OP

  After the election of Pope Francis, many people throughout the world expected profound changes in the Church, in particular on the divisive issue of birth control, including abortion. In a previous piece, the author considered the teaching of the Church on abortion today. In this second text, he presents the specific teaching of Pope Francis on abortion.

  According to the secular press and some theologians and social activists, the Church appears to focus more on specific issues of sexual ethics than on concern for social ethics. Be that as it may, it is easy to prove that the Church in most countries is likewise focusing on the problems related to forced poverty. In fact, it is no exaggeration to affirm that as an institution the Church is – with others, but of course – among the first in working really for and with the poor. The face of the Church throughout the world is in general caritas. The teaching of the Church underlines not only her opposition to abortion but also her commitment to social justice and mercy: the social teachings of the Church are definitely pro-poor, and so is unmistakably Pope Francis from his first authoritative text Evangelii Gaudium (2013) to the last, Amoris Laetitia (2016).  Needless to say that the Church, that is, members of the Church (priests, religious and lay persons), and many others continue failing regarding the practice of the Church teaching.

  Concerns for sexual ethics and for social justice and peace are necessarily connected: Only respect for life can be the foundation and guarantee of the most precious and essential goods of society, such as democracy and peace (John Paul II, EV 101). Pope Benedict XVI says that one cannot separate sexual ethics from social ethics, because the issues are intertwined: Only if human life from conception until death is respected is the ethic of peace possible and credible; only then may nonviolence be expressed in every direction; only then can we truly accept creation and only then can we achieve true justice (Meeting with Bishops from Switzerland: November 9, 2006; cf. Id., Encyclical Caritas in Veritate, 2009, 15). Pope Francis states: This defense (of the Church) of unborn life is closely linked to the defense of each and every other human right. It involves the conviction that a human being is always sacred and inviolable, in any situation and at every stage of development (EG 213).  Since the beginning of his pontificate, Pope Francis is focusing on the option for the poor. This option for or commitment to the poor includes necessarily the unborn children, who are the most defenseless. Before his election as Pope, the then cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was, of course, openly against abortion. Likewise, after his election. Cardinal Bergoglio words: The pregnant woman doesn’t carry a toothbrush in her womb or a tumor. Science teaches that from the moment of conception, the new being has all the genetic code. It impressive. It not, therefore, a religious question but clearly a moral one, based on science (Quoted in book Pope Francis. Conversations with Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 2010 and 2012).

  Furthermore, Pope Francis proclaims: The first right of the human person is his life; very unborn child, condemned unjustly to be aborted, has the face of the Lord, who before being born, experienced the rejection of the world (Message to International Federation of Catholic Medical Associations; September 20, 2013). Among the vulnerable, who the Church wishes to care with particular love and concern, are unborn children, the most defenseless and innocent among us (EG 213).

  Pope Francis has called abortion a symptom of a “throwaway culture” that places too little value on human life. It is “frightful” to think about early pregnancy terminations. It is horrific even to think that there are children, victims of abortion, who will never see the light of day” (cf. Address to Diplomats Accredited to the Vatican, January 14, 2014). The Church cannot be expected to change her position on this question. I want to be completely honest in this regard. This is not something subject to alleged reforms or modernization. It is not  progressive to try to resolve problems by eliminating a human life (EG 214). Pope Francis adds:  Christ dwelt for nine months in the tabernacle of Mary womb (EG 285).

  In an Address to the Italian Pro-Life Movement, Pope Francis affirms: We know it: human life is sacred and inviolable. Every civil right rests on the recognition of the first and fundamental right of life, which is not subordinated to any condition, either qualitative or economic and least of all ideological. The Argentinian Pope adds: For one who is a Christian, this evangelical witness must always be given: to protect life with courage and love in all its phases (April 11, 2014).

  On April 25, 2014, Pope Francis spoke to a group of African bishops thus: Abortion compounds the grief of many women who now carry with them deep physical and spiritual wounds after succumbing to the pressures of a secular culture which devalues God gift of sexuality and the right to life of the unborn. Looking at the Child Jesus, my thought is directed to all the children that today are killed or maltreated, including those who will not see the light, robbed of the generous love of their parents, buried by the selfishness of a culture that does not love life (Pope Francis: Urbi et Orbi, Dec. 25, 2014, and Homily, Dec. 24, 2016).

  In his Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia, Pope Francis reaffirms with clear and strong words the Church rejection of abortion: So great is the value of human life, and so inalienable the right to life of an innocent child growing in the mother womb, that no alleged right to one own body can justify a decision to terminate that life, which is an end in itself and which can never be considered property of another human being (AL 83). In his Apostolic Letter Misericordia et Misera (November 20, 2016) closing the Holy Year of Mercy the Pope affirms:  wish to restate as firmly as I can that abortion is a grave sin, since it puts an end to an innocent life (MM 12, # 1). This is one side of the coin (true doctrine). The other side (merciful compassion) which completes the picture is worded by Pope Francis thus: “In the same way, however, I can and must state that there is no sin that God mercy cannot reach and wipe away when it finds a repentant heart seeking to be reconciled with the Father (MM 12, # 1). By the way, since November 20, 2016, the grave sin of abortion can be forgiven by every priest (MM 12, # 1).

  Pope Francis is also very much concerned with the plight of women who have had an abortion or might be thinking of aborting the child in their womb. He said to the Italian Pro-Life Movement: “I encourage you to do so (to protect life) always with the style of closeness, of proximity: so that every woman feels regarded as a person, heard, received and supported.

 The acceptance and practice of abortion introduce us into a tunnel. Sooner or later we will realize that unless we get out of the tunnel, there will be no scape: after abortion, euthanasia, after euthanasia, eugenics of different kinds: the slippery slope of a culture of death. As human beings, as Christians, we can do something against the tide of the culture of death. We may light a candle: you and me, and the other and the other. We are a family, which is a community of life and love. As Christians in particular, we are asked to show priority love to the poor and defenseless. We remember the words that Christ the Lord will hopefully address to each one of us after crossing the passage of death: Come in for what you did to the least of my brothers and sisters you did it to me (cf. Mt, 25:31-46).

 May I humbly ask Catholics, my dear brothers and sisters, to please try not to be Cafeteria Catholics: those who among us seem to believe what we like only – what is easy! All of us love and praise to the heavens Pope Francis, but some of us keep quiet perhaps on what we do not like such as his sayings against abortion or against capitalism or against consumerism or against corruption or his insistence on the need of prayer or 

  As human beings and as believers, we believe in life and justice, in prayer and compassion. We truly believe in faithful, loving and prayerful hope. We strongly believe that tomorrow will be better, because today we try hard to put love in all we do to light a candle for life!

(Published by O Clarim, March 24, 2017)

A Pilgrim’s Notes: UNIQUE SIGNIFICANCE OF “TODAY”

A Pilgrim’s Notes: UNIQUE SIGNIFICANCE OF “TODAY”

FAUSTO GOMEZ OP

faustogomezb@yahoo.com

       The Psalmist invites us: Today listen to his (God’s) voice, harden not your hearts! (Ps 95:7-8). Today, not yesterday, not tomorrow! Today, harden not your heart by not listening to God’s voice, that is, by not doing good or by doing evil – by being selfish or envious or unforgiving. These harden our hearts!

       We listen to God’s voice today for today is “the day the Lord has made for us, a day to rejoice and be glad” (Ps 118:24). Today is God’s time for us (cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, CCC 2659). It is not yesterday: “In last year’s nest there are no birds this year” (Cervantes, Don Quixote de la Mancha). The prophet of Nazareth tells us: “Do not worry about tomorrow: tomorrow will take care of itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own” (Mt 6:34).

       What is the meaning of “today” in the perspective of faith? Today in the Bible means the day of God’s visitation (Lk 12:54). In the Old Testament, “today” is the time for a blessing, for obedience to God, for salvation. Contrarily, it may become – if we harden our hearts – a time for a curse, disobedience, perdition. In the New Testament, we are told, the word “today” is used forty times, half of them in Luke. In the hymn of Zechariah, the Benedictus, we pray to God “to serve him in holiness and justice in his presence, all the days of our life” (Lk 1:75). Jesus is born “today” (Lk 2:11). “Today” this Sacred Scripture is fulfilled,” Jesus says in the Synagogue (Lk 4:21). Jesus tells us that “the Kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Mk 1:14-15), that is, the Kingdom of heaven is “now,” today. “Today” Jesus encounters the sinner Zacchaeus:  “Zacchaeus, come down (the sycamore tree); hurry, because I am to stay at your house today” (Lk 19:5). One of the disciples of Jesus wished to follow him later not today: he wanted to take care of his father first. Jesus tells him: “Follow me,” that is not tomorrow but today, not later but now! (Mt 8:21-22). From the Cross, Jesus tells the good thief crucified near him: “Today you will be with me in Paradise” (Lk 23:43).

       Daily we pray: “Give us this day our daily bread.” (Mt 6:11). This petition of the Lord’s Prayer, the Our Father “reminds us that all we have comes from God” (St. Thomas Aquinas). We ask God the Father, Our Father every day to give us the bread of grace, the Bread of the Eucharist (Jn 6:51), the bread of God’s Word (Mt 4:4), and the bread or food this day. “Give us”: not only to you and to me, but also to our brothers and sisters, particularly those who have no bread and with whom we have to share our bread. “This petition of the Lord’s Prayer cannot be isolated from the parables of the poor man Lazarus and of the Last Judgment” (CCC, 2831; cf. Lk 16:19-31; Mt 25:31-46).

       Today implies “obedience and abandonment to the plan of God” (Massimo Grilli, 2013). For the Christian, the believer “today” is not just the chronological day, chronos, marked by the calendar but a theological or spiritual day, a Kairos – God’s grace and love. This day, today we listen to God’s voice in our hearts, in our brothers, in his creation. Today we listen to God’s Word, Jesus Christ, God’s Son and our brother and savior. Today, however, is not separated from but linked to yesterday and tomorrow.

       To concentrate on today does not mean to forget yesterday: this day is grounded on our days past. Nor does it mean to forget tomorrow: we are pilgrims on the way to God, and “today is always not yet” (Antonio Machado). “Trust the past in God’s mercy, the present to his love, and the future to his Providence”; as our memory is the present of the past, our hope is the present of the future (St. Augustine). The Eucharist illustrates perfectly the necessary links among yesterday, today and tomorrow: it is memorial of the passion of Christ (yesterday); pledge of future glory (tomorrow), and grace every day (today). Our Christian life is a dynamic tension between the past and the future lived in the present: a journey from the already of the death and resurrection of Christ to the not yet of eternal happiness by living this day faithfully and creatively as God’s creatures and children.

       The poet mystic Kahlil Gibran writes in The Prophet:

Yet the timeless of you is aware of life’s timelessness, and knows;

And knows that yesterday is but to-day’s memory and to-morrow is to-day’s dream.

And let to-day embrace the past with remembrance and the future with longing”

       Saint Mother Teresa of Kolkata was asked, “What are your plans for the future?” She answered: “I do not have plans for the future; I only care about today, for today is the day I have to love Jesus.” St. Francis of Sales advises us: “Live one day at a time, leaving the rest in God’s care”; “Go along with confidence in divine Providence, worrying only about the present day and leaving your heart in the Lord’s care.” In his Spiritual Diary, Saint John XXIII begins many daily entries with these words: “Only for today…” For the good Pope, “every day is a good day to be born and every day is a good day to die.”

       As Christians we love today, which is God’s gift.  With the example of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit, we are not afraid today, we do our duty today, we put love in everything we do today, we are compassionate today, we are grateful today, we smile today. When we fail, when we do not hear God’s voice and harden our heart – we are sinners -, then it is the day of repentance and of God’s forgiveness.

        Carpe diem the Romans used to say, that is seize the day, live this day the best you can. For Christians and other believers and non-believers, carpe diem implies fidelity to this day, hopeful and loving fidelity.

       Rooted in faith and hoping for heaven, believers march forward with steps of love. Joyful in hope (Rom 12:12), we march “striving towards the goal of resurrection from the dead” (Phil 3:11), “racing towards the finishing-point” (Phil 3:14), we journey today, every day with steps of love towards the embrace of Jesus the Lord.

       Is today very significant in our life? Indeed, it is! A fruitful day – today -, rooted in yesterday, journeys towards tomorrow by the path of passionate and joyful love of God, of neighbor, of needy neighbor, of creation.

Brother, sister, have a good day.Today!

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